The Fourth Noble Truth

The Fourth Noble Truth, also called the Eight Fold Path, teaches how to use the Dharma in everyday life. More subtly, it teaches that each of us is a Buddha waiting to emerge.The path unfolds in three sections: Wisdom, Morality and Concentration.This month we focus on Wisdom and a teaching called Right Understanding. In this context Right doesn't mean being correct, instead it suggests experiencing the world through the eyes of the Dharma. And understanding doesn't mean rational thinking; instead it's the intuitive knowing that comes from the gut - in a flash and often in meditation. In our culture, however, gut knowing isn't trusted, often goes unrecognized, and certainly isn't cultivated. On the meditative path it emerges as a precious gift.With Right Understanding we intuit that everyone and everything in our impermanent world arises, manifests and fades. Self-preoccupation starts dissolving, and one day we realize we suffer less and are more content. Then comes the moment when we intuit that everyone and everything in this world are One. Thich Nhat Hanh used the word inter-are to describe the same intuition. This has profound implications for how we live everyday life.This series on the Four Noble Truths relies on teachings by the Venerable Ajahn Sumedho. www.amaravati.org/

The Third Noble Truth

In previous newsletters we discussed the First Noble Truth, which states that suffering is part of life. In our culture we call it discontent or stress. We also discussed the Second Noble Truth, which says that the cause of this stress is attachment to desire whether it is continuously wanting or not wanting, grasping or loathing.

Now we move on to The Third Noble Truth. It teaches that it is possible to put an end to such stress. The first step is to contemplate or investigate attachment to desire as it plays itself out in our culture, in individuals, and in your particular mind. Ask: Does attachment to desire create happiness? No judgment, just investigation.

The second step is to meditate. Here’s one way to do it: Bring your awareness to internal talk and listen for the stress or discontent it sometimes causes. Then bring your awareness to body sensations such as anger, jealousy or the shame. Often they accompany internal talk. Then pinpoint one such body sensation, and soak into it for about twenty or thirty seconds.

This procedure may have to happen once, a dozen times, or several hundred times before you deeply realize the nature of stress; namely, that it repeatedly arises, manifests, and fades. Stress is impermanent, you are impermanent, and the world around us is impermanent. As this truth seeps deeply into your psyche, suffering itself diminishes.

The Second Noble Truth

Last month I wrote about the first of the Four Noble Truths, which states that human suffering is a fact of life. Among its many forms, people can suffer from chronic stress, deep sadness, out-of-control anger, unbridled fear, and/or physical pain. The reality is that our world offers trouble as well as happiness.

The Second Noble Truth says that suffering has a cause; namely, the attachment to desire. As you know, there is no end to the range of things we can desire or crave. Indeed, we can easily become enslaved to craving. However, craving in itself doesn't cause suffering. Rather it is our attachment to craving. All of us need to eat. It's not being able to let go of the desire for food that's the problem.

Through meditation we can learn to let go. It's like opening up a tightly closed fist gently and with respect for our human imperfection. In so doing we don't get rid of the object of our craving; be it food, love or money. Rather, we simply let them be. And slowly we are released from craving. Free at last.

In one of his first teachings the Buddha offered The Four Noble Truths. The first of these truths states that all of us at some time or other will experience suffering, be it a vague sense of discontent or serious illness. Our world, after all, contains trouble as well as happiness.

Please don't look at this fact from a personal perspective; it is not about your dissatisfaction with work or my aches and pains. Rather it's a fundamental insight into the nature of life.

The First Noble Truth also advises us to deeply understand the nature of suffering. Doing so we realize that at minimum all of us know sadness, fear, and discontent. We also become aware of how these feelings come and go. They are impermanent. Grounded in these insights, the actions we take in response to suffering are likely to arise from wisdom.

Stillness and Movement

Sense the stillness of a tree whether the day is windy or windless. Look up at the sky and notice the blue spaciousness across which clouds can wander. Go to the beach and listen for the quiet that sometimes occurs between the crashing of waves. Enjoy a perfectly still fall day and imagine all the activity that lies beyond our senses.

Watch for the moment of rest that lies between the out-breath and the next in-breath. Notice the instant of quiet between waves of internal talk. Be aware of sadness and the second when it fades. And by all means, awaken to the bursts of joy that come with being alive. They, too, arise, manifest, fade, and are again born.

Listening to Internal Talk

When you're feeling sad or lonely consider the possibility that these feelings are a gateway to the present moment. Then sit in a quiet place and listen to your internal talk - what you hear internally in the here and now.

For most people internal talk takes place somewhere between the two ears toward the back of the head (though having said that, you might hear it somewhere else in the body.) Maintain the focus on that location and don't attempt to make talk happen. Simply listen and it will arise.

Soon you may realize that internal talk is very repetitive, much like a broken record. This isn't the kind of thinking that can solve a problem. Instead it's an automatic, conditioned response - a habit all of us fall into. There really isn't any "new" thinking that's taking place when you're in that old habit.

When you are sitting in the midst of your problem,

What is more real to you--your problem or the fact of being here ?

Your presence in the here and now is the ultimate fact.

Suzuki Roshi*

*Kirtan Coan offered this quote.

Knowing and Not Knowing

Have you ever noticed the wave of pleasure that arises when someone appreciates what you're saying? That wave is likely to be more intense when a teacher or a supervisor asks a question and you give the right answer. This need to know is very powerful. In fact we can get "addicted" to the pleasure that knowing triggers.

Have you noticed the wave of discomfort that arises when someone doesn't appreciate what you're saying or when you give your supervisor the wrong answer? Falling into not knowing while trying to get things right can trigger confusion, which is a kind of psychic pain.

Try exploring what happens when, with awareness, you allow yourself not to know. Being neither right nor wrong is like taking a vacation. It frees us from craving the pleasure that comes with knowing and the pain that comes with failing to know